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Vectors according to the geometric characteristics to draw graphics, vector may be a point or a line, Vectors generated only by software, files occupy a smaller inner space, because this type of image file contains separate separation image, free limit reassembled. It is characterized by enlarged image will not be distorted, and resolution-independent files take up less space, for graphic design, text design and logo design, layout design.
Brief introduction
Interpretation
Vector, also known as object-oriented image or drawing images, mathematically defined as a series of points connected by lines. Graphic elements in the vector file called an object. Each object is a self-contained entity; it has attributes such as color, shape, contour, size and screen position.
Defined
Bitmap and vector graphics
Bitmap and vector graphics
Vector graphics using lines and curves to describe these graphic elements are a number of points, lines, rectangles, polygons, circles and arcs, and so on, they are calculated through a mathematical formula. Vector graphics such as a flower is actually formed by segments frame outline, closed by the color of the frame and frame color determines the color of the flower show.
Introduction
Vector is also known as object-oriented image or drawing images, the the Traditional version called vector graphics, using computer graphics, line or polygon geometry based on mathematical equations representing the image. Vector Graphics biggest advantage is that regardless of the zoom out or rotate without distortion; biggest drawback is difficult to demonstrate a more colorful realistic image effects.
Since every object is a self-contained entity, it can maintain its original clarity and curvature at the same time. This means that they can at the highest resolution display to the output device.
Vector mostly geometry, the graphics can be hugely magnified, not color, not fuzzy. Commonly used in the pattern, logo, VI, text and other design. Commonly used software: CorelDraw [2], Illustrator [3], Freehand, XARA, CAD [4] and so on.
Edit this paragraph the advantages and disadvantages of
Advantage
File is saved in the image lines and tiles, vector graphics file has nothing to do with the complexity of the image resolution and image size, image file storage space occupied by smaller
Images can stepless zoom, graphics scaling, rotation or deformation of the operation, the graphics will not produce the jagged effect
3 can take high-resolution printing, vector graphics files can be typed or printed the highest resolution print on any output device printer output.
Shortcoming
The biggest drawback is difficult to demonstrate more colorful realistic image effects.
The difference with the bitmap
Vector and bitmap effect is different, Vector infinite zoom blur, most of the bitmaps are turned out by the vector, it can be said vector is a bitmap [5] source code, source code can be edited .
Edit this paragraph drawing tools
Adobe Illustrator
Corel's CorelDRAW
FlashMX
Edit this section features
The same resolution-independent
Vectors can maintain its original clarity and bending repeatedly to move and change its properties without affecting the other objects in the legend. These features make vector-based program is particularly suitable for the legend and three-dimensional modeling, because they are usually required to be able to create and manipulate a single object. The same resolution-independent vector-based drawing. [6]
The difference with the bitmap
Vector and bitmap biggest difference is that it is not the impact of the resolution. Therefore, at the time of printing, can be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced in graphics without affecting FIG clarity, according to their highest resolution and display to the output device.
Feature
In addition, the most obvious feature vector: vector color edges and lines the edge is very smooth, such as a curved line, if uneven, then this vector is inferior, the color of the patch above a lot of small pieces of this low-grade, high-quality vector should be, whether you zoom in or out, the edge of the color is very smooth, and very clear between the lines is the same proportion, and is of the same thickness, node The same is rarely Generally Vectors are posted by the bitmap imitation FIG drawn, first there is a picture, and then drawing out according to his imitation.
Easy to freedom
Vector graphics can be freely and easily fill color.
Edit this paragraph popular formats
* BW
* BW is a black and white graphic file format that contains a variety of pixel information.
* AI (Illustrator) [7]
* Ai is a graphics file format in Illustrator. It is generated by software Illustrator vector file format, using Illustrator, CorelDraw, Photoshop can open, edit, modify, and so on.
* Cdr (CorelDraw)
* CDR is a CorelDraw graphics file format. It is the CorelDraw application are able to use a graphics image file format.
*. Col (Color Map File)
* Col is a palette file format created by Autodesk Animator, Autodesk Animator Pro program, which is stored in the RGB values of the various projects in the palette.
* Dwg
* DWG is a graphics file format used by AutoCAD.
*. Dxb (drawing interchange binary)
* Is DXB AutoCAD to create a graphics file format.
*. Dxf (Autodesk Drawing Exchange Format)
Dxf AutoCAD graphic file formats, it is stored in ASCII graphics performance graphics size is very precise, CorelDraw, 3DS and etc. large software invokes the editor.
*. Wmf (Windows Metafile Format)
Wmf is a metafile format common in Microsoft Windows, it has a short document, design modeling features, the entire graph is often caused by individual component of splicing, but the graphics are often rough and can only be call editing in Microsoft Office.
* Emf (Enhanced Metafile)
* The EMF is a Windows 32-bit extended metafile format developed by Microsoft Corporation. The overall design goal is to make up for use in the Microsoft Windows 3.1 (Win16) * the deficiencies of the WMF file format, making the metafile more easy-to-use.
* EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
Eps is an ASCII graphics file format described in the PostScript language, in PostScript graphics printer can print out high-quality graphics, represents 32 graphics. The format is divided into a PhotoShop EPS format (Adobe Illustrator Eps) and standard EPS format, in which the standard EPS format can be divided into graphic formats and image formats. It is worth noting that the EPS file can only be opened in PhotoShop image format.
* Ep s format consists of two parts: The first part is a low-resolution image of the screen display, convenient the Preview image processing and positioning; second part contains the individual data of each color separation.
Eps file to D CS / CMYK form of storage, the file contains separate data of the four colors of CMYK four-color mesh can be output directly. However, in addition to more reliable on a PostScript printer,
* E ps format there are many shortcomings: First, * eps format to store images efficiency is particularly low; followed by * eps format compression scheme is also poor, generally the same image by * TIFF's LZW compression than * EPS images of small three to four times.
filmstrip
filmstrip that slide, which is an output file format in Premiere. Premiere of the animation output into a long vertical bar, vertical bar by an independent grid. Each cell is one frame. The lower left corner of each frame time code, the lower-right corner of the frame number. The P hotoShop transferred to the format of the file, and then apply PhotoShop-specific processing functions to be processed. However, do not change the the filmstrip file size, If you change this picture it can not be stored back f ilmstrip format, it can not return to Premiere.
* Ico (Icon file)
* ICO is a Windows icon file format.
*. Iff (Image File Format)
Iff is a graphics file format used on Amiga super graphics processing platform, Hollywood stunt vast stretches of the format for processing, realistic reproduction of the original King. Of course, memory, storage and other computer resources consumed by the format is huge.
* Lbm
Lbm is a graphics file format used Deluxe Paint, coded like *. Iff.
* Mag
* MAG is a graphics file format commonly used by the Japanese.
* Mac (Macintosh)
Mac is a gray-scale graphics file format used in the Macintosh, Macintosh paintbrush, the resolution is only 720 × 567.
* Mpt (Macintosh Paintbrush)
* MPT is a graphics file format used in the Macintosh.
*. Msk (Mask Data File)
* MSK is a graphics file format that contains a bitmap graphics Animator Pro.
*. Opt / *. Twe
* Opt (Optics Menu Settings File) * the TWE (Tween Data File) is a graphics file format created by Animator Pro.
* Ply (Polygon File)
* PLY Animator Pro to create a graphics file format that contains used to describe a series of points of the polygon information.
*. Pbm / *. Pgm / *. Ppm
(Portable pixmap) graphics file formats.
* PCD (Kodak PhotoCD
Pcd a Photo CD file format, developed by Kodak, other software systems can only be read. This format is mainly used for color scanned images stored on CD-ROM, it uses the color in the the YCC color mode definition image.
Y CC color mode is a variant of the CIE color mode. CIE color space is defined for all international standards of color to the eye can be observed. YCC and CIE color space contains a color than R GB color of the display and printing devices and CMYK color much more.
Photo CD image has mostly a very high quality, the roll of film scan the file for the Photo CD cost is not high, but the quality of the scan is also dependent on the level of the user's operation of the film type and scanner.
*. Pcx (PC Paintbrush) / *. Pcc
Pcx was first used by Zsoft PC Paintbrush graphics software supports a compressed PC bit map file format. Later, Microsoft will be ported to the PC Paintbrush Windows environment * pcx image format will get more graphics and image processing software support. The number of colors supported by the format of 16 colors from the earliest development to 1677 million colors. It uses the run-length encoding compression program, with a 128-byte header.
* Pic
* Pic is a graphics file format, which contains the uncompressed image information.
*. Pict / *. Pict2 / *. Pnt
PICT file format is mainly used on the Mac can also be installed on the PC, Quick Time use. The format of the file is not suitable for print (printed on a PostScript printer * PICT format file will cause PostSlipt error), often used in multimedia projects. * Pict is a Mac application software for image display formats.
* Pdd
And * psd, are Photoshop [8] software dedicated A graphics file format that preserves a small part of the image data, including the layer the additional mask channel and other content, which in turn save into other formats will be lost. In addition, because these two formats is P hotoShop supported format file PhotoShop opens to a speed faster than the other formats and store them. The only regret is that despite Photoshop compression technology is applied in the calculation process, but remains particularly large image files stored using the two formats. However, the two formats to store the image will not cause any loss of data, so when you are in the editing process, it is best to chose these two formats save, later converted to take up disk space, storage quality is better The other file formats.
* PXR (Pixar)
Perhaps only PIXAR workstation users only understand * pxr file format, which supports grayscale and RGB color image. Photoshop open a * PXR image created by Pixar workstations, you can use * PXR format to store image files, in order to be transported to the workstation.
*. Ras / *. Raw
* RAS (Sun Raster files) / * RAW (Raw Grayscale)
Graphics file format.
Scitex CT
The Scitex CT is an image file format created in the high-end Scitex prepress workstation, the workstation for image editing and color separation. Scitex CT image in CMYK mode always open, if they will eventually be returned to the Scitex system, please keep the CMYK mode. You can use Photoshop to open and edit Scitex CT image.
* TGA (Tagged Graphic)
Tga True Vision for its graphics card developed an image file format, created earlier time, the maximum number of colors up to 32, including eight Alpha channel is used to display live TV. The format has been widely used in various areas of the PC Windows and 3DS exchange image files, and the format makes it possible. You can generate colorful * tga files in 3DS, and then in the Win dows use of Photoshop, Freeherd Painter and other application software to be modified and rendering.
* Win
* Win is similar to * TGA A graphics file format.
* XBM (X bitmap)
* XBM is a graphics file format.
The effectiveness analysis
Picture quality
The vector is represented with a series of calculations instruction Vectors therefore described using mathematical methods, in essence, is a programming language expression of many mathematical expressions. Painting vector is slow, you can see the drawing process can be understood as a "shape", such as a circle, a parabola, and so on, so scaling does not affect its quality.
Edit this paragraph difference
Pixel requirements
Morning glory vector
Morning glory vector
The bitmap is a pixel set, also known as raster image, generally used for photo-quality image processing is composed by many of the same pixel as a small box graphics. By the position of the pixel with the color value that can exhibit changes in the color of the shadow.
Simply put, the bitmap pattern composed of a myriad of color points, when you infinite zoom, you will see a piece of pixel blocks of color, the effect will be distortion. Commonly used in image processing, video wedding renderings, such as photos, scanning, digital photos and other commonly used tools in Photoshop, Painter, etc..
Photoshop processing bitmap image. When you deal with bitmap images, you can optimize the tiny details, significant changes, as well as enhance the effect. The bitmap image, also referred to as a bitmap or draw the image is composed by a single point called pixels (picture elements). These points can be carried out in different arrangements and staining pattern. When you zoom in on a bitmap, you can see a the numerous single box upon which constitute the entire image. To expand the size of bitmap effect is to increase the single pixel, so that the lines and shapes appear uneven. However, if viewed from a slightly distant position, color and shape of the bitmap image to appear continuous. Since each pixel is individually dyed, you can each time a pixel frequency operation selection area and approximate photo realistic effects, such as the deepening shadows and increase the color. Refine bitmap dimensions also make the picture deformation, since the move is by reducing the pixel to the entire image becomes smaller Similarly, due to the bitmap image is created by the pixels arranged in aggregate form, it is not a separate operation (such as mobile ) Bureau parts of the map.
Resolution requirements
Processing bitmap determines the quality of the output image at the start of the process is set when the level of resolution. The resolution is a general term that refers to the size of an image file contains the details and information, as well as input, output, or display device can produce the level of detail. Operation of the bitmap, the resolution will affect not only the quality of the final output will also affect the size of the file. Processing bitmap need to think twice, because in the whole process to the resolution of the image selection is usually accompanied by a document. Is a 300dpi printer printing in a 2570dpi Phototypesetting device on the bitmap file, the file is always in order to create an image, the resolution size of printing, unless the resolution of the printer is less than the resolution of the image. If you want the final output looks and displayed on the screen, then before starting work, you need to understand the relationship between image resolution and device resolution. Obviously Vector do not have so much to consider.
Edit this section features
Advantage
(1) file;
Goose vector
Goose vector
(2) image element object can be edited;
(3) the image to zoom in or out does not affect the resolution of the images;
(4) The resolution of the image does not depend on the output device;
(5) lines very smoothly and is of the same thickness;
(6) the edge of the color is very Hue.
Shortcoming
(1) redraw the image is difficult;
(2) real photo realistic image requires a lot of skill to draw the natural high;
(3) can not generate colorful, complex and changeable image;
(4) vector imitation drawing cartoon similarity more than 97%, 3% is clearly landscaping.
Edit data in this paragraph
Raster data
The grid structure is a regular array to represent the spatial distribution of the feature or phenomena data organization, each data indicated a non-geometric attributes of the feature or phenomena characterized in the organization.
Raster structure and salient features: property, positioning implied, that the data record pointer of the property or the data itself, a location where it is converted according to the number of rows and columns for the corresponding coordinates.
Raster data coding method:
1 trellis coding is raster data as a data matrix, line by line (or column by column) one by one record code;
2, compression, including chain code (Freeman chain code) suitable for storing graphics data;
3, run-length coding by rows or columns adjacent code to implement a number of properties the same point;
4, a block code is successful The length coding extended to the case of the two-dimensional square area for the recording unit;
5 quadtree coding is one of the most effective raster data compression encoding method, but also improve the efficiency of graphics operations, and having a variable resolution.
Vector data
Vector data structure by recording the coordinates points, lines and polygons as accurately as possible represent geographical entities, coordinate space is set to continuous, allowing a precise definition of any position, length and area.
Vector structure salient features: positioning, attributes implied.
The coding method of vector data:
1 point line entities directly record the spatial information and attribute information;
2, polygon feature, coordinate sequence Law, coding method and topology of the tree index coding method.
Note:
(1) The coordinate sequence method is by the x, y coordinates of the polygon boundary on the collection and composition is the most simple kind of polygonal vector coding method, the file structure is simple, but the polygon boundary generating data redundancy is stored twice, and Lack of neighborhood information;
(2) Tree index coding method is to digitize all boundary points sequentially stored coordinate pairs indexed by the point and the boundary line number associated with the line index associated with each polygon index tree structure is formed, eliminating the adjacent The polygon boundary data redundancy;
(3) topology coding method is through the establishment of a complete topological relations structure, completely solve the neighborhood and island information
Landscape Vector
Landscape Vector
Deal with the problem, but increases the complexity of the algorithm and the size of the database.
Compare
1, the advantages and disadvantages of vector data:
Advantages of the data structure is compact, low redundancy, is conducive to the network and retrieve analysis, graphical display of good quality, high precision;
Disadvantage of the complex data structure, the polygon overlay analysis more difficult.
2, the advantages and disadvantages of raster data:
Advantages of the data structure is simple, easy to spatial analysis and surface modeling, now strong potential;
The disadvantage of a large quantity of data, the projection conversion is more complex.
3, the comparison between the two:
Raster data operation is in general easy to realize the operation of the vector data is more complex;
The grid structure is a vector structure in a way an approximation, the same accuracy as the vector data for the same feature to require larger amounts of data;
In the coordinate position of the search, the calculation of the area of the grid structure of a polygonal shape more effective, but also easy to remote sensing combined, easy information sharing;
Vector structure is more efficient search for topological relations, network information to fully describe only vector and high precision. For geographic information system software, the two co-exist, the respective advantage is very effective.
Transformation
1 Vector to Raster:
(1) Internal point spread method, that is, from the interior of the polygon seed point spread to the surrounding neighborhood points, until you reach each boundary;
(2) complex integration algorithm, that is, from the point to be discriminant closed boundary polygon Complex Integration, to determine the relationship between the two;
(3)-ray algorithms and scanning algorithms that lead to the point to be sentenced by the figure of a point outside-ray, the ray and the polygon boundary intersection points to determine the internal and external relations;
(4) boundary algebraic algorithm is based on integral thinking vector Raster algorithm, suitable for recording topological relations polygon vector data conversion, by a point on the polygon boundary clockwise search the boundary line on the row boundary The left side of the grid with the same line coordinates minus a certain value, plus the value of all grid points downstream of the left side of the border, the border search after complete conversion of the polygon.
2 Raster to vector: set of cells extracted with the same number said polygon area boundary and boundary topological relations and said that the process of the boundary line into a vector format. The steps include:
(1) the polygon boundary extraction, using high-pass filter raster image binarization;
(2) The boundary line tracking, for each arc from one node to another node search;
(3) topological relations generate and place extra points and smooth curves.
Vector (20)
3, all of the modern computer monitor should be vector graphics convert raster image format, contains the value of each pixel on the screen raster images stored in memory.
Edit this paragraph history of the development
Initial stages of
First from the computer in the 1950s until the 1980s; have used a different type of vector graphics system display. In these systems, the electron beam of the CRT monitor Piecewise directly generate the desired pattern, the remaining portion of the screen
Butterfly Vector
Butterfly Vector
Stars to keep the black state. In order to achieve not blink or close to no flashing effect, this process is repeated many times per second. The display system can generate very high resolution line art, and does not require grid system generates the same resolution the need for very large memory space. This vector-based display called the XY display.
Application industry
One of the first applications of vector graphics display U.S. SAGE air defense system. Vector graphics system only failure in the air traffic control in the United States in 1999, still in the army and some special system. In addition, computer graphics pioneer Ivan Sutherland in 1963, MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-2 vector system running his Sketchpad procedures.
The the later vector graphics systems include Digital's GT40 [1]. Family of a Vectrex game system uses vector graphics, in addition to Asteroids and Space Wars amusement center game using vector graphics. Also worth mentioning is the Tektronix 4014, despite its display is static.
Development so far
Vector Graphics today the term is mainly used in the field of two-dimensional computer graphics. It is the artist to generate an image on a raster display one of several ways. In addition, in several ways, including text, multimedia and 3D rendering. In essence, the three-dimensional rendering all of today are an extension of the two-dimensional vector graphics technology. The field of engineering drawing plotter still on the drawing vector graphics.
Glass picture to see the discoloration of the glass picture decorative picture windows and doors picture silk screen picture painted picture Ice Image texture picture sculpture Image Floral Image Image Mirror Images basin pictures the furniture pictures feldspar picture bottle Image tableware picture aquarium picture vase Image auspicious picture profile picture Photo Image ImageCD graphic design the fluorosilicone image fluorosilicone Image glass picture lighting picture A170-3 picture coffee table picture strap picture brown picture the wear flowers pictures human pictures crystal PayPal picture smallpox Image device Image Image News concave Mongolia Image product Image offline Image legislation line picture bulletproof picture tourpicture wall picture sliding door pictures pictures of tea mirror the picture glass picture Ice texture picture
Vectors according to the geometric characteristics to draw graphics, vector may be a point or a line, Vectors generated only by software, files occupy a smaller inner space, because this type of image file contains separate separation image, free limit reassembled. It is characterized by enlarged image will not be distorted, and resolution-independent files take up less space, for graphic design, text design and logo design, layout design.
Brief introduction
Interpretation
Vector, also known as object-oriented image or drawing images, mathematically defined as a series of points connected by lines. Graphic elements in the vector file called an object. Each object is a self-contained entity; it has attributes such as color, shape, contour, size and screen position.
Defined
Bitmap and vector graphics
Bitmap and vector graphics
Vector graphics using lines and curves to describe these graphic elements are a number of points, lines, rectangles, polygons, circles and arcs, and so on, they are calculated through a mathematical formula. Vector graphics such as a flower is actually formed by segments frame outline, closed by the color of the frame and frame color determines the color of the flower show.
Introduction
Vector is also known as object-oriented image or drawing images, the the Traditional version called vector graphics, using computer graphics, line or polygon geometry based on mathematical equations representing the image. Vector Graphics biggest advantage is that regardless of the zoom out or rotate without distortion; biggest drawback is difficult to demonstrate a more colorful realistic image effects.
Since every object is a self-contained entity, it can maintain its original clarity and curvature at the same time. This means that they can at the highest resolution display to the output device.
Vector mostly geometry, the graphics can be hugely magnified, not color, not fuzzy. Commonly used in the pattern, logo, VI, text and other design. Commonly used software: CorelDraw [2], Illustrator [3], Freehand, XARA, CAD [4] and so on.
Edit this paragraph the advantages and disadvantages of
Advantage
File is saved in the image lines and tiles, vector graphics file has nothing to do with the complexity of the image resolution and image size, image file storage space occupied by smaller
Images can stepless zoom, graphics scaling, rotation or deformation of the operation, the graphics will not produce the jagged effect
3 can take high-resolution printing, vector graphics files can be typed or printed the highest resolution print on any output device printer output.
Shortcoming
The biggest drawback is difficult to demonstrate more colorful realistic image effects.
The difference with the bitmap
Vector and bitmap effect is different, Vector infinite zoom blur, most of the bitmaps are turned out by the vector, it can be said vector is a bitmap [5] source code, source code can be edited .
Edit this paragraph drawing tools
Adobe Illustrator
Corel's CorelDRAW
FlashMX
Edit this section features
The same resolution-independent
Vectors can maintain its original clarity and bending repeatedly to move and change its properties without affecting the other objects in the legend. These features make vector-based program is particularly suitable for the legend and three-dimensional modeling, because they are usually required to be able to create and manipulate a single object. The same resolution-independent vector-based drawing. [6]
The difference with the bitmap
Vector and bitmap biggest difference is that it is not the impact of the resolution. Therefore, at the time of printing, can be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced in graphics without affecting FIG clarity, according to their highest resolution and display to the output device.
Feature
In addition, the most obvious feature vector: vector color edges and lines the edge is very smooth, such as a curved line, if uneven, then this vector is inferior, the color of the patch above a lot of small pieces of this low-grade, high-quality vector should be, whether you zoom in or out, the edge of the color is very smooth, and very clear between the lines is the same proportion, and is of the same thickness, node The same is rarely Generally Vectors are posted by the bitmap imitation FIG drawn, first there is a picture, and then drawing out according to his imitation.
Easy to freedom
Vector graphics can be freely and easily fill color.
Edit this paragraph popular formats
* BW
* BW is a black and white graphic file format that contains a variety of pixel information.
* AI (Illustrator) [7]
* Ai is a graphics file format in Illustrator. It is generated by software Illustrator vector file format, using Illustrator, CorelDraw, Photoshop can open, edit, modify, and so on.
* Cdr (CorelDraw)
* CDR is a CorelDraw graphics file format. It is the CorelDraw application are able to use a graphics image file format.
*. Col (Color Map File)
* Col is a palette file format created by Autodesk Animator, Autodesk Animator Pro program, which is stored in the RGB values of the various projects in the palette.
* Dwg
* DWG is a graphics file format used by AutoCAD.
*. Dxb (drawing interchange binary)
* Is DXB AutoCAD to create a graphics file format.
*. Dxf (Autodesk Drawing Exchange Format)
Dxf AutoCAD graphic file formats, it is stored in ASCII graphics performance graphics size is very precise, CorelDraw, 3DS and etc. large software invokes the editor.
*. Wmf (Windows Metafile Format)
Wmf is a metafile format common in Microsoft Windows, it has a short document, design modeling features, the entire graph is often caused by individual component of splicing, but the graphics are often rough and can only be call editing in Microsoft Office.
* Emf (Enhanced Metafile)
* The EMF is a Windows 32-bit extended metafile format developed by Microsoft Corporation. The overall design goal is to make up for use in the Microsoft Windows 3.1 (Win16) * the deficiencies of the WMF file format, making the metafile more easy-to-use.
* EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
Eps is an ASCII graphics file format described in the PostScript language, in PostScript graphics printer can print out high-quality graphics, represents 32 graphics. The format is divided into a PhotoShop EPS format (Adobe Illustrator Eps) and standard EPS format, in which the standard EPS format can be divided into graphic formats and image formats. It is worth noting that the EPS file can only be opened in PhotoShop image format.
* Ep s format consists of two parts: The first part is a low-resolution image of the screen display, convenient the Preview image processing and positioning; second part contains the individual data of each color separation.
Eps file to D CS / CMYK form of storage, the file contains separate data of the four colors of CMYK four-color mesh can be output directly. However, in addition to more reliable on a PostScript printer,
* E ps format there are many shortcomings: First, * eps format to store images efficiency is particularly low; followed by * eps format compression scheme is also poor, generally the same image by * TIFF's LZW compression than * EPS images of small three to four times.
filmstrip
filmstrip that slide, which is an output file format in Premiere. Premiere of the animation output into a long vertical bar, vertical bar by an independent grid. Each cell is one frame. The lower left corner of each frame time code, the lower-right corner of the frame number. The P hotoShop transferred to the format of the file, and then apply PhotoShop-specific processing functions to be processed. However, do not change the the filmstrip file size, If you change this picture it can not be stored back f ilmstrip format, it can not return to Premiere.
* Ico (Icon file)
* ICO is a Windows icon file format.
*. Iff (Image File Format)
Iff is a graphics file format used on Amiga super graphics processing platform, Hollywood stunt vast stretches of the format for processing, realistic reproduction of the original King. Of course, memory, storage and other computer resources consumed by the format is huge.
* Lbm
Lbm is a graphics file format used Deluxe Paint, coded like *. Iff.
* Mag
* MAG is a graphics file format commonly used by the Japanese.
* Mac (Macintosh)
Mac is a gray-scale graphics file format used in the Macintosh, Macintosh paintbrush, the resolution is only 720 × 567.
* Mpt (Macintosh Paintbrush)
* MPT is a graphics file format used in the Macintosh.
*. Msk (Mask Data File)
* MSK is a graphics file format that contains a bitmap graphics Animator Pro.
*. Opt / *. Twe
* Opt (Optics Menu Settings File) * the TWE (Tween Data File) is a graphics file format created by Animator Pro.
* Ply (Polygon File)
* PLY Animator Pro to create a graphics file format that contains used to describe a series of points of the polygon information.
*. Pbm / *. Pgm / *. Ppm
(Portable pixmap) graphics file formats.
* PCD (Kodak PhotoCD
Pcd a Photo CD file format, developed by Kodak, other software systems can only be read. This format is mainly used for color scanned images stored on CD-ROM, it uses the color in the the YCC color mode definition image.
Y CC color mode is a variant of the CIE color mode. CIE color space is defined for all international standards of color to the eye can be observed. YCC and CIE color space contains a color than R GB color of the display and printing devices and CMYK color much more.
Photo CD image has mostly a very high quality, the roll of film scan the file for the Photo CD cost is not high, but the quality of the scan is also dependent on the level of the user's operation of the film type and scanner.
*. Pcx (PC Paintbrush) / *. Pcc
Pcx was first used by Zsoft PC Paintbrush graphics software supports a compressed PC bit map file format. Later, Microsoft will be ported to the PC Paintbrush Windows environment * pcx image format will get more graphics and image processing software support. The number of colors supported by the format of 16 colors from the earliest development to 1677 million colors. It uses the run-length encoding compression program, with a 128-byte header.
* Pic
* Pic is a graphics file format, which contains the uncompressed image information.
*. Pict / *. Pict2 / *. Pnt
PICT file format is mainly used on the Mac can also be installed on the PC, Quick Time use. The format of the file is not suitable for print (printed on a PostScript printer * PICT format file will cause PostSlipt error), often used in multimedia projects. * Pict is a Mac application software for image display formats.
* Pdd
And * psd, are Photoshop [8] software dedicated A graphics file format that preserves a small part of the image data, including the layer the additional mask channel and other content, which in turn save into other formats will be lost. In addition, because these two formats is P hotoShop supported format file PhotoShop opens to a speed faster than the other formats and store them. The only regret is that despite Photoshop compression technology is applied in the calculation process, but remains particularly large image files stored using the two formats. However, the two formats to store the image will not cause any loss of data, so when you are in the editing process, it is best to chose these two formats save, later converted to take up disk space, storage quality is better The other file formats.
* PXR (Pixar)
Perhaps only PIXAR workstation users only understand * pxr file format, which supports grayscale and RGB color image. Photoshop open a * PXR image created by Pixar workstations, you can use * PXR format to store image files, in order to be transported to the workstation.
*. Ras / *. Raw
* RAS (Sun Raster files) / * RAW (Raw Grayscale)
Graphics file format.
Scitex CT
The Scitex CT is an image file format created in the high-end Scitex prepress workstation, the workstation for image editing and color separation. Scitex CT image in CMYK mode always open, if they will eventually be returned to the Scitex system, please keep the CMYK mode. You can use Photoshop to open and edit Scitex CT image.
* TGA (Tagged Graphic)
Tga True Vision for its graphics card developed an image file format, created earlier time, the maximum number of colors up to 32, including eight Alpha channel is used to display live TV. The format has been widely used in various areas of the PC Windows and 3DS exchange image files, and the format makes it possible. You can generate colorful * tga files in 3DS, and then in the Win dows use of Photoshop, Freeherd Painter and other application software to be modified and rendering.
* Win
* Win is similar to * TGA A graphics file format.
* XBM (X bitmap)
* XBM is a graphics file format.
The effectiveness analysis
Picture quality
The vector is represented with a series of calculations instruction Vectors therefore described using mathematical methods, in essence, is a programming language expression of many mathematical expressions. Painting vector is slow, you can see the drawing process can be understood as a "shape", such as a circle, a parabola, and so on, so scaling does not affect its quality.
Edit this paragraph difference
Pixel requirements
Morning glory vector
Morning glory vector
The bitmap is a pixel set, also known as raster image, generally used for photo-quality image processing is composed by many of the same pixel as a small box graphics. By the position of the pixel with the color value that can exhibit changes in the color of the shadow.
Simply put, the bitmap pattern composed of a myriad of color points, when you infinite zoom, you will see a piece of pixel blocks of color, the effect will be distortion. Commonly used in image processing, video wedding renderings, such as photos, scanning, digital photos and other commonly used tools in Photoshop, Painter, etc..
Photoshop processing bitmap image. When you deal with bitmap images, you can optimize the tiny details, significant changes, as well as enhance the effect. The bitmap image, also referred to as a bitmap or draw the image is composed by a single point called pixels (picture elements). These points can be carried out in different arrangements and staining pattern. When you zoom in on a bitmap, you can see a the numerous single box upon which constitute the entire image. To expand the size of bitmap effect is to increase the single pixel, so that the lines and shapes appear uneven. However, if viewed from a slightly distant position, color and shape of the bitmap image to appear continuous. Since each pixel is individually dyed, you can each time a pixel frequency operation selection area and approximate photo realistic effects, such as the deepening shadows and increase the color. Refine bitmap dimensions also make the picture deformation, since the move is by reducing the pixel to the entire image becomes smaller Similarly, due to the bitmap image is created by the pixels arranged in aggregate form, it is not a separate operation (such as mobile ) Bureau parts of the map.
Resolution requirements
Processing bitmap determines the quality of the output image at the start of the process is set when the level of resolution. The resolution is a general term that refers to the size of an image file contains the details and information, as well as input, output, or display device can produce the level of detail. Operation of the bitmap, the resolution will affect not only the quality of the final output will also affect the size of the file. Processing bitmap need to think twice, because in the whole process to the resolution of the image selection is usually accompanied by a document. Is a 300dpi printer printing in a 2570dpi Phototypesetting device on the bitmap file, the file is always in order to create an image, the resolution size of printing, unless the resolution of the printer is less than the resolution of the image. If you want the final output looks and displayed on the screen, then before starting work, you need to understand the relationship between image resolution and device resolution. Obviously Vector do not have so much to consider.
Edit this section features
Advantage
(1) file;
Goose vector
Goose vector
(2) image element object can be edited;
(3) the image to zoom in or out does not affect the resolution of the images;
(4) The resolution of the image does not depend on the output device;
(5) lines very smoothly and is of the same thickness;
(6) the edge of the color is very Hue.
Shortcoming
(1) redraw the image is difficult;
(2) real photo realistic image requires a lot of skill to draw the natural high;
(3) can not generate colorful, complex and changeable image;
(4) vector imitation drawing cartoon similarity more than 97%, 3% is clearly landscaping.
Edit data in this paragraph
Raster data
The grid structure is a regular array to represent the spatial distribution of the feature or phenomena data organization, each data indicated a non-geometric attributes of the feature or phenomena characterized in the organization.
Raster structure and salient features: property, positioning implied, that the data record pointer of the property or the data itself, a location where it is converted according to the number of rows and columns for the corresponding coordinates.
Raster data coding method:
1 trellis coding is raster data as a data matrix, line by line (or column by column) one by one record code;
2, compression, including chain code (Freeman chain code) suitable for storing graphics data;
3, run-length coding by rows or columns adjacent code to implement a number of properties the same point;
4, a block code is successful The length coding extended to the case of the two-dimensional square area for the recording unit;
5 quadtree coding is one of the most effective raster data compression encoding method, but also improve the efficiency of graphics operations, and having a variable resolution.
Vector data
Vector data structure by recording the coordinates points, lines and polygons as accurately as possible represent geographical entities, coordinate space is set to continuous, allowing a precise definition of any position, length and area.
Vector structure salient features: positioning, attributes implied.
The coding method of vector data:
1 point line entities directly record the spatial information and attribute information;
2, polygon feature, coordinate sequence Law, coding method and topology of the tree index coding method.
Note:
(1) The coordinate sequence method is by the x, y coordinates of the polygon boundary on the collection and composition is the most simple kind of polygonal vector coding method, the file structure is simple, but the polygon boundary generating data redundancy is stored twice, and Lack of neighborhood information;
(2) Tree index coding method is to digitize all boundary points sequentially stored coordinate pairs indexed by the point and the boundary line number associated with the line index associated with each polygon index tree structure is formed, eliminating the adjacent The polygon boundary data redundancy;
(3) topology coding method is through the establishment of a complete topological relations structure, completely solve the neighborhood and island information
Landscape Vector
Landscape Vector
Deal with the problem, but increases the complexity of the algorithm and the size of the database.
Compare
1, the advantages and disadvantages of vector data:
Advantages of the data structure is compact, low redundancy, is conducive to the network and retrieve analysis, graphical display of good quality, high precision;
Disadvantage of the complex data structure, the polygon overlay analysis more difficult.
2, the advantages and disadvantages of raster data:
Advantages of the data structure is simple, easy to spatial analysis and surface modeling, now strong potential;
The disadvantage of a large quantity of data, the projection conversion is more complex.
3, the comparison between the two:
Raster data operation is in general easy to realize the operation of the vector data is more complex;
The grid structure is a vector structure in a way an approximation, the same accuracy as the vector data for the same feature to require larger amounts of data;
In the coordinate position of the search, the calculation of the area of the grid structure of a polygonal shape more effective, but also easy to remote sensing combined, easy information sharing;
Vector structure is more efficient search for topological relations, network information to fully describe only vector and high precision. For geographic information system software, the two co-exist, the respective advantage is very effective.
Transformation
1 Vector to Raster:
(1) Internal point spread method, that is, from the interior of the polygon seed point spread to the surrounding neighborhood points, until you reach each boundary;
(2) complex integration algorithm, that is, from the point to be discriminant closed boundary polygon Complex Integration, to determine the relationship between the two;
(3)-ray algorithms and scanning algorithms that lead to the point to be sentenced by the figure of a point outside-ray, the ray and the polygon boundary intersection points to determine the internal and external relations;
(4) boundary algebraic algorithm is based on integral thinking vector Raster algorithm, suitable for recording topological relations polygon vector data conversion, by a point on the polygon boundary clockwise search the boundary line on the row boundary The left side of the grid with the same line coordinates minus a certain value, plus the value of all grid points downstream of the left side of the border, the border search after complete conversion of the polygon.
2 Raster to vector: set of cells extracted with the same number said polygon area boundary and boundary topological relations and said that the process of the boundary line into a vector format. The steps include:
(1) the polygon boundary extraction, using high-pass filter raster image binarization;
(2) The boundary line tracking, for each arc from one node to another node search;
(3) topological relations generate and place extra points and smooth curves.
Vector (20)
3, all of the modern computer monitor should be vector graphics convert raster image format, contains the value of each pixel on the screen raster images stored in memory.
Edit this paragraph history of the development
Initial stages of
First from the computer in the 1950s until the 1980s; have used a different type of vector graphics system display. In these systems, the electron beam of the CRT monitor Piecewise directly generate the desired pattern, the remaining portion of the screen
Butterfly Vector
Butterfly Vector
Stars to keep the black state. In order to achieve not blink or close to no flashing effect, this process is repeated many times per second. The display system can generate very high resolution line art, and does not require grid system generates the same resolution the need for very large memory space. This vector-based display called the XY display.
Application industry
One of the first applications of vector graphics display U.S. SAGE air defense system. Vector graphics system only failure in the air traffic control in the United States in 1999, still in the army and some special system. In addition, computer graphics pioneer Ivan Sutherland in 1963, MIT Lincoln Laboratory TX-2 vector system running his Sketchpad procedures.
The the later vector graphics systems include Digital's GT40 [1]. Family of a Vectrex game system uses vector graphics, in addition to Asteroids and Space Wars amusement center game using vector graphics. Also worth mentioning is the Tektronix 4014, despite its display is static.
Development so far
Vector Graphics today the term is mainly used in the field of two-dimensional computer graphics. It is the artist to generate an image on a raster display one of several ways. In addition, in several ways, including text, multimedia and 3D rendering. In essence, the three-dimensional rendering all of today are an extension of the two-dimensional vector graphics technology. The field of engineering drawing plotter still on the drawing vector graphics.
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